Kebaabetswe Veronica Ramushwana 1* & Roshelle Ramfol 2
1 University of South Africa, Chair of Department: Financial Governance
South Africa, Pretoria, 0002
Email: ramuskv@unisa.ac.za
2 University of South Africa, Department of Auditing,
South Africa, Pretoria, 0002
Email: ramfor@unisa.ac.za
*Corresponding e-mail: ramuskv@unisa.ac.za
Abstract
South Africa has ambitious goals to transition towards renewable energy, a shift critical for both economic stability and climate resilience. Globally, financial and tax incentives have become instrumental tools in driving renewable energy generation; however, their design and effectiveness vary considerably due to diverse economic, regulatory, and environmental contexts. This paper evaluates South Africa’s renewable energy incentive framework in comparison to those in China, Denmark, India, and Germany, examining the successes and challenges of each approach. The findings suggest that South Africa’s financial and tax incentives are ineffective in decarbonising the coal-intensive energy sector as well as providing the critical investment to upscale renewable energy adoption. This paper provides lessons for South Africa’s policymakers, focusing on optimizing financial and tax incentive frameworks to accelerate renewable energy generation.
Keywords: Financial and tax incentives; fossil fuel-intensive energy sector; net metering, feed-in-tariffs, tax incentive design; comparative analysis; renewable energy.
